南臺科技大學My數位學習 RSS feed provider zh-tw http://my.stust.edu.tw/4a355094 http://my.stust.edu.tw/4a355094/doc/33099 <div><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">===============================經濟學家的行為模式=====================================</span></div><div><br></div><div>STEP1:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">觀察</span>某一環境(把複雜的<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">環境簡化</span>成模型)</div><div><br></div><div>STEP2:猜測各種可能性(各種<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">假設</span>)</div><div><br></div><div>STEP3:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">發展</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">理論</span>來解釋<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">(利用各種歷史事件證明)</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>STEP4:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">檢測</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">理論</span>的解釋能力 &nbsp; (不成立的時候回到STEP2)</div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>PS.經濟學家會因為價值觀不同而意見不一</div><div>=<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">==</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">================================經濟模型=========================================</span><br><br></div><div>循環流程圖:</div><div><br><table style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="" align=""><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">部門\市場</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(135, 206, 250);">&nbsp; 產品市場 &nbsp;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(135, 206, 250);">&nbsp; 要素市場 &nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">家戶</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">買家</span>(消費) &nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">賣家</span>(收入) &nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">廠商</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">賣家</span>(獲利) &nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">買家</span>(成本支出) &nbsp; &nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">政府</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp;買家(消費) &nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">買家(要素成本)</td></tr></tbody></table><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>生產可能曲線PPC:</div><div><br></div><div><img src="/sysdata/user/71/4a355094/blog/doc/d8fbe7c5d24d9850/attach/132828.png"><br></div><div>A點、B點、E點代表<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">資源充分利用</span></div><div>C點代表<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">目前技術水準無法達成</span><br>D點代表<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">資源未充分利用</span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>PPC的意義:假設社會只能生產兩種財貨，在<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">資源</span>和<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">技術水準</span>不變的情況下<img src="C:\Users\User\Desktop" alt="">，<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">兩種財貨的最大生產組合</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br></span></div><div>PPC的特性:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">負斜率</span>(兩項財貨的產量成反向變動)、<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">凹向原點</span>(代表機會成本遞增)</div><div><br></div><div>PPC的移動:外移代表<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">經濟成長</span>，內縮代表<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">經濟衰退</span>，改變幅度很大代表經濟情況改變速度很快<br><br><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>PPC的其他意義:<br>(1)資源<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">稀少性</span>(原料有限，該如何分配)</div><div>(2)<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">機會成本遞增</span></div><div>(3)目前<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">生產效率</span>是否達到最大</div><div>(4)<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">技術水準</span></div><div>(5)<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">經濟</span>成長或衰退</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><table style="border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">種類</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(135, 206, 235);">個體經濟學</span></td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(135, 206, 235);">總體經濟學</span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">提出者</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">馬歇爾</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">凱恩斯</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">學派</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">新古典學派</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">凱因斯學派</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">研究重點<br></td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">價格</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">國民所得</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">理論別稱</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">價格理論</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">所得理論</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">假設</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">資源不會有閒置</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">失業和資源閒置是常態</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">研究對象</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">個體</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">社會</td></tr></tbody></table><br></div> 2014-10-21 22:49:34GMT http://my.stust.edu.tw/4a355094/doc/33095 <div> <div v:shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><br></div><div v:shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);"><br></span></div><div v:shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">===============================何謂經濟學===========================================</span></div><div v:shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><br></div><div v:shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><br></div><div v:shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><br></div><div v:shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O">經濟學是<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">研究人們如何分配的科學</span>(如何做決策)</div></div><div><br><br><br>經濟學上的問題發生的原因:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">資源有多種用途</span>、<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">慾望無窮</span>、<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">稀少性 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 100, 0);"> *稀少性=資源有限+人們想要</span></div><div><br></div><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">===============================經濟學原理(個體)=======================================</span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>原理一:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">取捨</span> (有多種用途，但是只能選一種)</div><div><br></div><div>原理二:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">有得必有失</span>(天下沒有白吃的午餐，<span style="color: rgb(0, 100, 0);">機會成本</span>表示要你付出代價)</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br></div><div>原理三:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">人們理性的進行邊際思考</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">決策出最適合的組合</span> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br>原理四:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">行為隨著誘因起舞</span>(廠商經營的誘因是不營業時所付出的機會成本) &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">勝文表示不隨誘因起舞</span></div><div><br></div><div><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 100, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *機會成本=外顯成本+隱藏成本</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 100, 0);">=支付的費用+自有的生產要素</span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">===============================經濟學原理(總體)=======================================</span></div></div><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);"><br></span></div><div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><div>原理五:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">交易讓大家變更好</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br></span></div><div>原理六:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">剪刀式價格理論</span>(無形的手讓市價達到最適合的位置，失靈就換有形的手上場) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 100, 0);">*無形的手=價格機能</span></div><div>原理七:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">政府有時可以改變市場</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 100, 0);">*有型的手=政府</span><br><br>原理八:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">生活水準決定產品和服務的品質</span>(生產力影響生活水準) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 100, 0);">*生產力=一個工人一小時生產的產品或服務</span></div><div>原理九:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">錢太多物價會上漲</span>(生產者認為反正你錢多就算提高一點售價你也會買，就把價錢提高了)</div><div><br></div><div>原理十:<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">物價膨脹和失業在短期內呈反向變動</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br></span><br><br></div> 2014-10-21 22:18:46GMT http://my.stust.edu.tw/4a355094/doc/33450 <a href="/blog/lib/read_attach.php?id=135388" target="_blank">Ch2.TB1.pdf</a><br class="innova"> 2014-11-02 14:12:32GMT http://my.stust.edu.tw/4a355094/doc/33259 密碼保護 2014-10-27 20:58:52GMT http://my.stust.edu.tw/4a355094/doc/33122 專業化生產:雙方<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">生產自己擅長的產品</span>，彼此間再互相交易，雙方生產力總合會提升<div><br></div><div><br></div><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">======================================絕對利益======================================</span></div><div><br></div><div><br>假設臺灣、韓國只生產同質的手機和電腦，投入一單位機會成本可生產的產品數量如下表，則臺灣在生產兩項產品方面有<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">絕對利益</span><br><br><table style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="" align=""><tbody><tr><td style="border:#000000 1px solid">產品\國家</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="3">臺灣</td><td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="3">韓國</td></tr><tr><td style="border:#000000 1px solid">電腦</td><td style="border:#000000 1px solid" colspan="3">9</td><td style="border:#000000 1px solid" colspan="3">6</td></tr><tr><td style="border:#000000 1px solid">手機</td><td style="border:#000000 1px solid" colspan="3">10</td><td style="border:#000000 1px solid" colspan="3">8</td></tr></tbody></table><br></div><div>提出者:亞當斯密</div><div><br></div><div>理論:各國<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">應該專業化生產</span>有絕對利益的產品</div><div><br></div><div>缺陷:此論點表示在所有產品皆具絕對利益的國家不會和不具絕對利益的國家交易，與現實不符</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 205);">======================================比較利益======================================</span></div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>假設臺灣、韓國只生產同質的手機和電腦，投入一單位機會成本可生產的產品數量如下表，則韓國在生產手機方面有<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">比較</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">利益</span></div><div><br></div><div><table width="" align="" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">產品\國家</td><td colspan="3" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">臺灣</td><td colspan="3" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">韓國</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">電腦</td><td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">9</td><td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">手機</td><td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</td><td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">8<br></td></tr></tbody></table>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br></div><div><br></div><div>臺灣生產1臺電腦的機會成本可生產1.111...支手機，而韓國生產1臺電腦的機會成本可生產1.333...支手機，所以臺灣應專業化生產電腦，而韓國專業化生產手機</div><div><br></div><div>提出者:李咖圖</div><div><br></div><div>理論:一國在生產各種產品上<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">有絕對利益</span> → 應<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">生產優勢較大的產品</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span>一國在生產各種產品上<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">沒</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">有絕對利益</span>&nbsp;→ 應<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">生產劣勢相對較小的產品</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div> 2014-10-22 19:00:04GMT